Ectopic Pregnancy

Pregnancy is usually a time filled with joy, anticipation, and hope. But not every pregnancy follows the expected path. One such critical condition is known as an ectopic pregnancy — a complication that, while rare, requires immediate medical attention.

Let’s explore what ectopic pregnancy really is, how to recognize it, and why early detection is so important for a woman’s health and fertility.

What is an Ectopic Pregnancy?

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in one of the fallopian tubes. Because the fallopian tube is not designed to support a growing embryo, this type of pregnancy cannot proceed normally. If left untreated, it can lead to rupture and internal bleeding, which can be life-threatening.

Where Can an Ectopic Pregnancy Occur?

While most cases (over 90%) occur in the fallopian tubes, ectopic pregnancies can also occur in:

• The ovary
  
  

• The abdominal cavity
  
  

• The cervix
  
  

• A previous C-section scar (rare)
  
  

What Are the Early Signs and Symptoms?

Symptoms usually begin between the 4th and 12th week of pregnancy, and they can sometimes be confused with a normal early pregnancy or a miscarriage.

Common symptoms include:

• Sharp or stabbing pain in the abdomen, pelvis, shoulder, or neck
  
  

• Vaginal bleeding or spotting
  
  

• Dizziness or fainting
  
  

• Low blood pressure
  
  

• Gastrointestinal symptoms that may resemble gas pain
  
  

If the fallopian tube ruptures, it becomes a medical emergency. Sudden, intense pain and heavy INTERNAL bleeding require immediate care.

What Causes Ectopic Pregnancy?

Several risk factors can increase the chance of an ectopic pregnancy, including:

• Previous ectopic pregnancy
  
  

• Inflammation or infection (such as pelvic inflammatory disease)
  
  

• History of fallopian tube surgery
  
  

• Fertility treatments (e.g., IVF)
  
  

• Smoking
  
  

• Endometriosis
  
  

• Age over 35
  
  

However, sometimes an ectopic pregnancy happens even without any clear risk factors.

How is it Diagnosed?

Doctors typically diagnose an ectopic pregnancy using:

• Transvaginal ultrasound – to visualize where the pregnancy is located
  
  

• Blood tests – to check levels of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which may rise more slowly in ectopic pregnancies
  
  

IN RARE CASES, laparoscopy (a minimally invasive surgery) may be required for a definitive diagnosis.

What are the Treatment Options?

Because an ectopic pregnancy cannot result in a live birth, treatment focuses on protecting the mother’s health and removing the ectopic tissue.

1. INJ Medication (Methotrexate):

If caught early and the tube has not ruptured, doctors may prescribe methotrexate — a medication that stops the growth of the pregnancy and allows the body to absorb it naturally.

2. Surgery:

If the ectopic pregnancy is advanced, or if there’s internal bleeding, emergency surgery may be necessary. This can involve:

• Salpingostomy – removing the ectopic tissue but leaving the tube intact
  
  

• Salpingectomy – removing the entire affected fallopian tube (if it’s ruptured or severely damaged)
  
  

Can You Get Pregnant Again?

Yes — many women go on to have healthy pregnancies after an ectopic pregnancy. However, the chances of recurrence increase slightly, so early monitoring in future pregnancies is essential.

Doctors usually recommend waiting a few months before trying to conceive again, especially if methotrexate was used.

When to Seek Help

If you’re pregnant or suspect you may be and experience pain, bleeding, or dizziness, don’t wait. Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency when ruptured, and early diagnosis can save your life and protect your fertility.